Visually Perceived Distance Judgments: Tablet-Based Augmented Reality versus the Real World
J. Edward Swan II, Liisa Kuparinen, Scott Rapson, and Christian Sandor. Visually Perceived Distance Judgments: Tablet-Based Augmented Reality versus the Real World. International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction, 33(7), December 2016. DOI: 10.1080/10447318.2016.1265783.
Download
Abstract
Does visually perceived distance differ when objects are viewed inaugmented reality (AR), as opposed to the real world? What are thedifferences? These questions are theoretically interesting, and theanswers are important for the development of many tablet- andphone-based AR applications, including mobile AR navigation systems.This paper presents a thorough literature review of distance judgmentexperimental protocols, and results from several areas of perceptualpsychology. In addition to distance judgments of real and virtualobjects, this section also discusses previous work in measuring thegeometry of virtual picture space, and considers how this work mightbe relevant to tablet AR. Then, the paper presents the results of twoexperiments. In each experiment, observers bisected egocentricdistances of 15 and 30 meters, in tablet-based AR and in the realworld, in both indoor corridor and outdoor field environments. In AR,observers bisected the distances to virtual humans, while in the realworld, they bisected the distances to real humans. This is the firstreported research that directly compares distance judgments of realand virtual objects in a tablet AR system. Four key findings were:(1) In AR, observers expanded midpoint intervals at 15 meters, butcompressed midpoints at 30 meters. (2) Observers were accurate in thereal world. (3) The environmental settingâcorridor or open fieldâhadno effect. (4)Â The picture perception literature is important inunderstanding how distances are likely judged in tablet-based AR.Taken together, these findings suggest the depth distortions that ARapplication developers should expect with mobile and especiallytablet-based AR.
BibTeX
@Article{IJHCI17-dj, author = {J. Edward {Swan~II} and Liisa Kuparinen and Scott Rapson and Christian Sandor}, title = {Visually Perceived Distance Judgments: Tablet-Based Augmented Reality versus the Real World}, journal = {International Journal of Human-Computer Interaction}, volume = 33, number = 7, month = {December}, year = 2016, note = {DOI: <a target="_blank" href="https://doi.org/10.1080/10447318.2016.1265783">10.1080/10447318.2016.1265783</a>.}, abstract = { Does visually perceived distance differ when objects are viewed in augmented reality (AR), as opposed to the real world? What are the differences? These questions are theoretically interesting, and the answers are important for the development of many tablet- and phone-based AR applications, including mobile AR navigation systems. This paper presents a thorough literature review of distance judgment experimental protocols, and results from several areas of perceptual psychology. In addition to distance judgments of real and virtual objects, this section also discusses previous work in measuring the geometry of virtual picture space, and considers how this work might be relevant to tablet AR. Then, the paper presents the results of two experiments. In each experiment, observers bisected egocentric distances of 15 and 30 meters, in tablet-based AR and in the real world, in both indoor corridor and outdoor field environments. In AR, observers bisected the distances to virtual humans, while in the real world, they bisected the distances to real humans. This is the first reported research that directly compares distance judgments of real and virtual objects in a tablet AR system. Four key findings were: (1) In AR, observers expanded midpoint intervals at 15 meters, but compressed midpoints at 30 meters. (2) Observers were accurate in the real world. (3) The environmental settingâcorridor or open fieldâhad no effect. (4)Â The picture perception literature is important in understanding how distances are likely judged in tablet-based AR. Taken together, these findings suggest the depth distortions that AR application developers should expect with mobile and especially tablet-based AR. }, }